Pedigree Charts Essay Example For Students

Pedigree Charts Essay The information made available is the basis for the preparation of pedigree chart using the appropriate symbols, A careful examination of the pedigree chart would suggest whether the gene for the character is autosuggestion dominant or recessive, X chromosome linked dominant or recessive, Y- chromosome inked or not. Explanation Outcome Linked Dominant traits: These are the traits whose encoding gene is present on any one Of the outcomes, and the Wildlife allele is recessive to its mutant allele, i. E. , the mutant allele is dominant. The pedigree-chart can be of the underrated pattern (Fig. 11-2), where the female being interviewed is exhibiting the trait, and is indicated by an arrow- mark in the chart. The characteristic features of inheritance of such type of traits are: (a) Transmission of traits occurs from parents of either sex, (b) Males and females are equally affected. C) The pedigree is vertical, i. E. , the trait is marked to be present in each of the generations. (d) Multiple generations are characteristically affected, Practically, politically, dimple in the cheek are some of the common traits of this type. EXERCISE 11 Autocross Recessive trait: These are the traits whose mutant allele is recessive to its wild type allele. The pedigree chart can be more or less of the pattern given below (Fig. 11. 3), where the lady (marked by the arrow) is showing the trait. The bar in the example represents the presence of corresponding dominant or recessive allele for the specific trait. Suppose the given trait is albinism. Denote its dominant allele as A that produces pigments, and the recessive allele as a that tails to synthesis the pigment, melanin. The female (our subject in generation Ill) is therefore tot genotype AAA. She must have received each of her a allele from both the parents (generation-II), who are therefore themselves normal but are definitely of genotype AAA, and are carriers of the trait. The allele a must also have been present in her grand parents too, of course in heterozygous condition also to make them carriers (generation-I) Albinism in the subjects children (generation-IV) suggests her husband too to be of genotype AAA, a carrier. Marriage of her albino daughter to an albino man is bound to produce all her grand-children albino (gene-V). The following are the salient features of the inheritance of such type of traits. A) Occur in equal proportions in multiple male and female siblings, whose parents are normal but carriers; (b) The siblings are homozygous for the defective allele, but their parents, though some may appear normal, are obviously heterozygous, i. E. , are merely carriers of the trait. C) Consanguinity (marriage between man and woman genetically related to each other , such as cousins) occasionally results in the appearance of such traits. X-Linked Dominant traits: These are the traits whose encoding gene is present on the X- chromosome, and the mutant allele of which is dominant over its wild-type allele. Such traits are very rare, and are almost difficult to find in the population. One example is oral-facial-digital syndrome (Dutchmen Muscular Dystrophy), which results in absence of teeth, cleft (bid) tongue associated with mental retardation. The pedigree chart may appear as follows (Fig. 1 4): The possible genotypes of the above pedigree can be written as follows (Fig Fig. 1 1. 5 Genotypes Of individuals shown in Pig. II . 4 Here, the dominant mutant allele is denoted by D, and its recessive wild type allele is denoted by Remember that human females have two X-chromosomes (XX), and the males have only one X and one Y chromosome. .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .postImageUrl , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:hover , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:visited , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:active { border:0!important; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:active , .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub48c527e759b8a7ba320566ad03b6e0b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teaching Philosophy StatementMales receive their lone X-chromosome from their mother, and the Y-chromosomes from their father, whereas females receives one tot her X-chromosome trot her mother, and the other X from her father. The characteristics of such inheritance are: a) The trait appears in almost all the generations, and the inheritance is vertical. (b) If the female is affected, then about half of her sons are affected. (c) If the male is affected then all of his daughters would be affected, but none of his sons are affected (d) In short, the pedigree resembles the pattern of inheritance of autocross dominants, except that there is no male-to-male transmission. . X-I nked Recessive traits: These are the traits Whose encoding gene is present on the X-chromosome and its mutant allele is recessive to its wild-type allele. Red-green color blindness and hemophilia, are some Of its well known examples. The characteristic features of such inheritance are: (a) Females express the trait only when they are homozygous for the mutant allele, whereas the males do so even when they are homozygous for it. The pedigree chart would appear as the following one (Fig. 11. ): (b) About halt of the sons of the carrier (heterozygous for the trait) females are affected. In case of homozygous females showing the trait, fifty percent of her daughters and all tot her sons are likely to be affected. Therefore, the males are most affected in the population. (c) Affected persons are related to one another through the maternal side of their d) Any evidence of male-to-male transmission of the trait rules out the X- linked inheritance. Y-chromosome linked traits: These are the traits whose gene is present on the Y- chromosome. The females do not have any Y-chromosome, whereas all the males must have a Y-chromosome to be a male, and this Y-chromosome they get from their father. Therefore, any trait linked to the Y- chromosome must be present only in males, and certainly not in any Of the females. This is Why these traits are also called male-sex limited traits. All the sons of the affected male would express he trait whereas none Of his daughters would do so. The pattern of the pedigree chart would be as follows (Fig 11. ): Hypertrophies of the ear (presence of hairs on piano) is one most common example of such traits. Note: Students may be asked to prepare the pedigree-chart from given data and analyses the pattern of inheritance. The work may be done as a project. Questions 1. How will you differentiate between outcome linked dominant and sex chromosome linked dominant pedigree chart? Explain. 2. Discuss the differences in the patterns of outcome linked recessive and chromosome linked pedigree.

Hannin free essay sample

The government must show accountability for public funds and a business can use its resources as it deems appropriate. 5. Role of the Budget – Commercial it’s used for planning and control purposes, for government budgets carry the authority of law, preventing 1-3. Identify and briefly describe the three organizations that set standards for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. 1. GASB set the accounting and financial reporting standards for state and local government in the US. GASB also set accounting and financial reporting standards for governmentally related not for profit organizations. 2. FASB set standards for profit seeking business and for nongovernmental not for profit organizations. 3. FASAB set the accounting and financial for the federal government. 1-4. What is the definition of a government as agreed upon by the FASB and GASB? Public corporations and bodies corporate and politic are governmental organizations. Other organizations are governmental organizations if they have one or more of the following characteristics. We will write a custom essay sample on Hannin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . Popular election of officers or appointment (or approval) of a controlling majority of the members of the organization’s governing body by officials of one or more state or local governments. 2. The potential for unilateral dissolution by a government with the net assets reverting to a government. 3. The power to enact and enforce a tax levy. 1-5. Describe the â€Å"hierarchy of GAAP† for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. (See Illustration 1-2 come back to this) 1-8. GASB considers budgetary accounting and reporting to be important. List the principles outlined by GASB related to budgetary accounting and reporting. 1. An annual budget(s) should be adopted by every governmental unit. 2. The accounting system should provide the basis for appropriate budgetary control. 3. Comparisons should be included in the appropriate financial statements and schedules for governmental funds for which an annual budget has been adopted. 2-2. With regard to GASB rules for the financial reporting entity, answer the following: 1. Define the financial reporting entity. It is the primary government together with its component units. 2. Define and give an example of a primary government. Can be a state government, a general-purpose local government such as a city or county, or a special purpose government such as a school district. 3. Define and give an example of a component unit. Are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. 4. Define and describe the two methods of reporting the primary government and component units in the financial reporting entity. a. Primary Government -either appoints a voting majority of the governing body of the other organization or members of the primary governments governing body hold a majority of the seats of the other organizations board. Second, the relationship meets one of the following two criteria: a. The other organization provides either a financial burden or benefit to the primary government. b. The primary government can impose its will on the other organization. b. Component units are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. In addition, a component unit can be an organization for which the nature and significance of its relationship with a primary government are such that exclusion would cause the reporting entitys financial statements to be misleading or incomplete. 2-3. With regard to the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR): 1. What are the three major sections? Introductory, Financial, and Statistical. 2. List the government-wide statements. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the government-wide statements. Basic Financial Statements Proprietary Funds Statements: Statement of Cash Flows. Governments use the accrual basis and the modified accrual basis of accounting. 3. List the governmental fund statements. i. General fund. This fund is used to account for general operations and activities not requiring the use of other funds. ii. Special revenue funds are required to account for the use of revenue earmarked by law for a particular purpose. State and federal fuel tax revenues require special revenue funds, because federal and state laws restrict these taxes to transportation uses. iii. Capital projects funds are used to account for the construction or acquisition of fixed assets[9], such as buildings, equipment and roads. Depending on its use, a fixed asset may instead be financed by a special revenue fund or a proprietary fund. iv. Debt service funds are used to account for money that will be used to pay the interest and principal of long-term debts. Bonds used by a government to finance major construction projects, to be paid by tax levies over a period of years, require a debt service fund to account for their repayment. v. Special assessment funds account for public infrastructure improvements financed by special levies against property holders. Sidewalk and alley repairs often rely on special assessments. 4. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the governmental fund statements. It usually rely on a modified accrual basis. 5. List the proprietary fund statements. vi. Internal service funds are used for operations serving other funds or departments within a government on a cost-reimbursement basis. A printing shop, which takes orders for booklets and forms from other offices and is reimbursed for the cost of each order, would be a suitable application for an internal service fund. vii. Enterprise funds are used for services provided to the public on a user charge basis, similar to the operation of a commercial enterprise. Water and sewage utilities are common examples of government enterprises. 5. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the proprietary fund statements. i. Proprietary funds, used for business-like activities, usually operate on an accrual basis. Governmental accountants sometimes refer to the accrual basis as full accrual to distinguish it from modified accrual basis accounting. 6. List the fiduciary fund statements. Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets and Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets. 7. Describe the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the fiduciary fund statements. The accounting basis applied to fiduciary funds depends upon the needs of a specific fund. If the trust involves a business-like operation, accrual basis accounting would be appropriate to show the funds profitability. Accrual basis is also appropriate for trust funds using interest and dividends from invested principle amounts to pay for supported programs, because the profitability of those investments would be important. 8. Outline the reports and schedules to be reported as required supplementary information. Come Back To 2-4. Describe the test for determining whether a governmental fund is a major fund. The General Fund is always considered a major fund. Other governmental funds are considered major when both of the following conditions exist: (a) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental fund constitute 10 percent of the total for the governmental funds category, and (b) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental or enterprise fund are 5 percent of the total of the governmental and enterprise categories, combined. 2-10. Not sure

The Essay Sample and Personal Development Plan

The Essay Sample and Personal Development PlanA personal development plan essay sample will contain many questions and statements that will be used to determine your strengths and weaknesses. It will also ask questions that are aimed at identifying the direction in which you are going in. You will be asked to choose between three to five possible answers for each question. Your personal development plan should be based on your knowledge of yourself, or the weaknesses that you are willing to accept.The basis of the personal development plan should be supported by concrete examples to support your claims. Some examples may include: a vision board, daily life and achievements, and characteristics and behavior patterns. It is a good idea to begin with some type of concrete example to provide evidence that will help to back up your statements.There are many components that go into a personality profile and plan. The more concrete the examples, the better the reader will understand your st atements. You will need to learn how to answer the questions, as well as understand how they are intended to affect you and your future. This will be the basis of your final plan.Before you begin writing your personal development plan, it is important to create a document of your own. Create a plan that reflects the goals that you have and the strategies that you plan to use to achieve those goals. Decide which areas of your life need some attention and then work your way through them one at a time.When you are trying to write a personal development plan, you should always begin by describing your strengths and weaknesses. Explain in as much detail as possible why you feel a certain way about certain things. For example, if you are confident and outgoing, you may feel that your weaknesses lie in this area. By being specific, you will give yourself a good foundation from which to build.The next step is to decide what your goal for the day is and how to reach that goal. Always include your goal in the middle of your personal development plan. If you have a specific date you would like to meet with your plan, make sure that this is included somewhere in your plan.Always explain your goal in such a way that it motivates you to act. This will be the basis of your personal development goal. You will also want to take a look at your life and see where you have reached your goals. Find areas in your life that need improvement, and begin working on those areas.Before you begin writing your personal development plan, it is important to decide what you want to accomplish with your plan. Even though you may be determined to achieve the goal, you should still take a moment to consider what exactly it is that you want to accomplish. This will allow you to determine the best way to reach your goal. This will also be the basis of your personal development goal.

All Quiet On The Western Front Essays (3304 words) -

All Quiet on the Western Front All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque's protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons?parents, elders, school, religion?that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer's realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not understand the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does understand the truth as Baumer has experienced it. Remarque demonstrates Baumer's disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer's pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed. Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents, too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one's parents were ready with the word ?coward'" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Remembering those days, Baumer asserts that, as a result of his war experiences, he has learned how shallow the use of these words was. Indeed, early in his enlistment, Baumer comprehends that although authority figures taught that duty to one's country is the greatest thing, we already knew that death-throes are stronger. But for all that, we were no mutineers, no deserters, no cowards?they were very free with these expressions. We loved our country as much as they; we went courageously into every action; but also we distinguished the false from true, we had suddenly learned to see. (Remarque, All Quiet I. 17) What Baumer and his comrades have learned is that the words and expressions used by the pillars of society do not reflect the reality of war and of one's participation in it. As the novel progresses, Baumer himself uses words in a similarly false fashion. A number of instances of Baumer's own misuse of language occur during an important episode in the novel?a period of leave when he visits his home town. This leave is disastrous for Baumer because he realizes that he can not communicate with the people on the home front because of his military experiences and their limited, or nonexistent, understanding of the war. When he first enters his house, for example, Baumer is overwhelmed at being home. His joy and relief are such that he cannot speak; he can only weep (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 140). When he and his mother greet each other, he realizes immediately that he has nothing to say to her: "We say very little and I am thankful that she asks nothing" (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 141). But finally she does speak to him and asks, "'Was it very bad out there, Paul?'" (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 143). Here, when he answers, he lies, ostensibly to

Free Essays on Example Essay

Has someone ever scared the living hell out of you when you’re driving by almost running you off of the road? Well I hate to tell you but it’s probably someone just like me who is using a cell phone, eating, or even trying to read. People like me don’t even care about surrounding cars. For some reason it is easier to do things like eating in the car because it saves a lot of time, I guess. For example, every morning I’m in a rush because I wake up late, so the easiest thing to do is eat my breakfast in the car. I even notice others putting on makeup in the car which usually takes two hands, which should be on the wheel. Mirrors in the car are supposed to be used as looking at cars around you not yourself. People just think that it is alright to drive recklessly as long as they look nice or feed themselves. I think that this is a very serious issue and most accidents do happen because of this. Even after we see some horrible wrecks we just keep on doing what we have to do. On the news every once in a while I hear about cell phones and how dangerous it is to talk on them while driving, and yes it is dangerous, but what about the other things we do in cars that needs to be addressed to. Cell phones, although helpful to us when in an emergency, are used way to often in a car. When on a cell phone we have at least one hand free, but then I think about when I eat and I have no hands free and I use my knee to drive. Others and I need to start thinking of others when we do these things and put an end to it. Worst of all when these things happen at the same time; eating, people honking at us, and then a cell phone ringing , and trying to turn the radio down. These could all build up to a point of insane road rage. No wonder we are always getting into accidents. We try to blame it on the car, others, or the weather conditions, but in reality it is us not caring. The point is that we need to stop what were doing and focus on ... Free Essays on Example Essay Free Essays on Example Essay Has someone ever scared the living hell out of you when you’re driving by almost running you off of the road? Well I hate to tell you but it’s probably someone just like me who is using a cell phone, eating, or even trying to read. People like me don’t even care about surrounding cars. For some reason it is easier to do things like eating in the car because it saves a lot of time, I guess. For example, every morning I’m in a rush because I wake up late, so the easiest thing to do is eat my breakfast in the car. I even notice others putting on makeup in the car which usually takes two hands, which should be on the wheel. Mirrors in the car are supposed to be used as looking at cars around you not yourself. People just think that it is alright to drive recklessly as long as they look nice or feed themselves. I think that this is a very serious issue and most accidents do happen because of this. Even after we see some horrible wrecks we just keep on doing what we have to do. On the news every once in a while I hear about cell phones and how dangerous it is to talk on them while driving, and yes it is dangerous, but what about the other things we do in cars that needs to be addressed to. Cell phones, although helpful to us when in an emergency, are used way to often in a car. When on a cell phone we have at least one hand free, but then I think about when I eat and I have no hands free and I use my knee to drive. Others and I need to start thinking of others when we do these things and put an end to it. Worst of all when these things happen at the same time; eating, people honking at us, and then a cell phone ringing , and trying to turn the radio down. These could all build up to a point of insane road rage. No wonder we are always getting into accidents. We try to blame it on the car, others, or the weather conditions, but in reality it is us not caring. The point is that we need to stop what were doing and focus on ...

Behaviors, Actions and Communications of IKEA Term Paper

Behaviors, Actions and Communications of IKEA - Term Paper Example There is a great need in the modern society that enterprises were guided not only by the possibility to make more profit but also to fulfill the community’s expectations. It requires companies to be customer-centered and perform activities in accordance with the view of society’s development. In addition, companies should also be responsible to stakeholders with regard to the environment, equity, employment, health, and human rights and community development (Fulfilling Social Responsibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Extract from Chinese Government Guidelines, 2013). Such an approach will help enterprises realize a balance between their growth, society and the environment. Moreover, its a requirement by the entire society that companies followed social activities since businesses have a significant impact on almost all aspects of the society and life of its people.   Edvardsson and Enquist (2006) state that the most fundamental and enduring asset for any company is the brand. However, value-based service brands are more important in building the good company’s image, where the enterprise tries to avoid aligning itself with such negative values as environmental pollution or cheap labor conditions. Instead, focusing on the attractive values such as community development and provision of healthy products help the company to create its positive image and contribute fully to the society (Edvardsson & Enquist, 2006). A Swedish multinational company Ikea that designs and sells  ready-to-assemble furniture, appliances, small motor vehicles, and home accessories, has built its values-based service brand by following the vision â€Å"To create a better everyday life for the many people† (The Ikea vision, n.d.).  The idea of its founder to create the home furnishings of good design and functionality and at a price that everyone could afford was the main â€Å"democratic idea† of the company.     Ã‚  

Natural, Herbal, and Vitamin Supplements Research Paper

Natural, Herbal, and Vitamin Supplements - Research Paper Example Each day, online sites are flooded with people looking for every kind of health-related information. Their searches range from information pertaining to remedies for health problems to preventive health care. In order to market their supplements, companies through the media place a wide range of advertisements that are enticing to consumers (Vaskovarzic 1). Each site gives the impression that their product is the ultimate solution to health problems. Given that consumers are desperate for solutions, they are usually easily convinced to purchase these supplements. Sometimes, reviews from people who give testimonies on how some of the supplements are effective to increase people’s urge to purchase. Media has also contributed a lot towards creating an image that is at times deceiving to people (123HelpMe 1). Online photos show pictures of flawless people especially celebrities. In some circumstances, media will highlight specific supplements that these celebrities use to acquire the perfect look. The fact that everyone wants to look good becomes a triggering factor for online shopping for supplements based on judgment from online images. Media has created awareness about the existence of various supplements. If it were not for the media, people would be less knowledgeable. In addition to this, issues such as availability and price have been made possible through the media. From anywhere in the world, people can compare and eventually purchase every kind of supplement they want. The process of placing an order is easy (Teichner and Lesko 1). This convenience encourages online shopping (Teichner and Lesko 1). Moreover, through television talks and interviews, media plays a role in publicizing supplements.  Media is so powerful that it can either help or harm people. In everyday life, people are in connection with media through television, radio and the internet hence accessibility to information. Through the influence of magazine pictorials and television commercials, people are negatively affected. When media is abused, it influences people unconsciously to attempt things that are harmful to their health. Media ofte n presents the picture of a perfect body with the aim of getting attention and in the long run marketing certain products. When people fail to acquire the perfect body after consuming particular supplements, they go for alternative supplements. This process increases dependency on particular products hence creating emotional conflicts in most cases.